Dossiers Archive | Page 15 of 20

Dossiers

Today, the compromises that once allowed democracy to coexist with a well-regulated capitalism no longer seem to work. On the contrary, politics is becoming increasingly incapable of offering effective responses to the dissatisfaction and marginalization felt by large segments of the population — the old middle class, precarious and underpaid workers — while capitalist developments, beginning with the new digital economy, are deepening inequality, concentrating wealth and power to a remarkable degree, and showing signs of a retreat from territorial roots. This process of patrimonialization and neo-feudalization combines with autocratic tendencies in political power. The phenomenon is particularly evident in the United States, but it is far from unknown elsewhere, in countries both small (such as Hungary) and large (such as Russia). How should we rethink the relationship between capitalism and democracy? Can liberal democracy survive in an age of stagnation and widening inequality? What held the welfare state and the free market together in the postwar years—was it a unique historical interlude or a model that can be replicated? Has globalization now made the mechanisms of financial capitalism incompatible with national democratic processes? Are liberal elites to blame for failing to manage the economic transformations—globalization, offshoring, automation—that have fueled populism and authoritarianism? And is it still possible to correct course within the existing system, or does the moment demand a radical reconfiguration—and if so, how?

The Virtues of Dissent
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“Dissent is a constitutive virtue of democracy” writes Nadia Urbinati, Professor of Political Theory at New York’s Columbia University. “Rather than corroding social ideals, as authoritarians and conservatives believe, it strengthens partiality and cooperation between citizens. Dissent reveals a fundamental loyalty to a country, a society or a community.” But how is dissent developing nowadays in the Arab world? And what should the West do to support it?
The Swiss Exception
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In a recent referendum, 60% of Swiss citizens voted in favour of the free movement of labour between the Confederation and the E.U. (Bulgaria and Romania included). This was a surprising vote that reversed the country’s isolationist stereotype, and that also goes against the trend (see controversies on Italian workers in Great Britain and Lieberman’s success in Israel). The Right, waving the spectre of an invasion of cheap foreign labour, lost the election. The election was instead won by those choosing not to be afraid of foreigners and the economic crisis.
The language of Islam
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In Italy the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, Gianfranco Fini, has proposed that only the language of the country mosques are in should be used for preaching. Is this a measure that could encourage integration, or is it dictated only by security concerns and the need to control the words spoken by Imams? The debate has begun. In the meantime, once again in Italy, for some time now the Islamic Council has stopped holding meetings.
A referendum on peace
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On February 10th Israeli citizens will be called-upon to vote in a general election. Their future is at stake, as is that of their neighbours the Palestinians. How will voting be conditioned by the recent war with Hamas? What effect would a victory by Benjamin Netanyahu’s right wing Likud party have on peace negotiations? Resetdoc talks to author Etgar Keret and Haaretz journalist Gideon Levy, who explains the reasons for the bitter controversy between himself and Abraham Yehoshua during this conflict.
After the Bombs. A Confederation?
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"Air strikes on Gaza are not a solution. More Palestinian deaths are what Hamas needs to feed its own radicalism," states the Czech Republic Minister of Foreign Affairs Karel von Scharzenberg in Giancarlo Bosetti’s interview. How is this war going to change the relationships between Israelis and Palestinians? Political philosopher Seyla Benhabib writes: “Suppose there was a confederation in Israel-Palestine. This confederation could become the kernel of a Middle Eastern Union of Peoples, in which Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and many other states would conjoin together much along the model of the European Union”.
Palestinian Chaos
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The conflict between the two main Palestinian political parties shows no sign of abating. On one hand Hamas dominates the Gaza Strip, on the other Fatah continues to govern the West Bank. Two visions of the world or more simply two different political power machines? President Abu Mazen’s mandate is drawing to an end with few regrets, while Hamas has announced that the truce with Israel is over. In the meantime the conflict between the two political parties reflects the divisions within the Arab League. Is there any way out of this blind alley?
Wall Street and the Arab Street
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What are the consequences of the global financial crisis in the Arab world? The Gulf region’s financial markets have suffered considerable losses, but above all it has been the fall in the price of oil that has highlighted the weakness of the Arab economy. And yet there are some on the shores of the Mediterranean who are increasingly optimistic. These are the people who relied on financial institutes that respect the Shari ‘a, the so-called “Islamic finance.”
Sinophobia
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Is China’s terrible reputation in the western media legitimate? Two books, one published in America and the other in Italy, explain the reasons for the West’s growing fear of the Asian giant and its emigrants. Criticising China is a sport explained with an entire series of misunderstandings, prejudices and urban legends. What do we really know about Chinese culture? What will change with Obama in the White House and the worsening of the economic crisis?
Obama’s Consequences
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The world is celebrating Barack Obama, the new President of the United States of America. Young, educated, with a multicultural, multiracial and cosmopolitan background, Obama provides new prestige to America’s image and to that of western liberal democracy. The Arab world has reacted enthusiastically, but is waiting to see the new White House resident in action. “Will he be with us or against us?”, wonder Palestinians and Israelis. In theory with neither, and this gives us hope. The task awaiting Obama is arduous, but the man does not lack audacity and hope. Will he also inspire change far from America? Even in China?
In India’s Belly
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There are only two castes: men with large bellies and those with small ones. And only two destinies: to eat or be eaten. The portrait of India that emerges from Aravind Adiga’s novel entitled “The White Tiger”, recently the winner of the Booker Prize, differs greatly from the super-globalised and technological one often described. This other India is a harsh and dark reality in which "the planet’s largest democracy” still has to deal with poverty and human rights and where, every day, politicians and civil society trample on Gandhi’s legacy.