Capturing, putting on trial or killing only the leaders of terrorist organizations is not enough. Many of those involved in attacks blamed on Al Qaeda have not been trained by or have not even ever come into contact with the organisation’s leaders, but rather agreed to implement their plans spontaneously and for ideological reasons. This is the opinion expressed by Driss Lagrini, professor of International Relations at the Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakech, Morocco. Books published in Arabic by Professor Lagrini include The International Macro-Implications of the Events of September 11, published in 2005, and Managing Crises in a Changing World : Concepts, Foundations, Means and Challenges, published in 2010.